Cupeño Bibliography

 

Bahr, Diana Meyers

      1993    From Mission to Metropolis: Cupeño Indian Women in Los Angeles.  Norman: University of Oklahoma Press.

 

Bean, L. J., and C. R. Smith

      1978    Cupeño. In California. R.F. Heizer, ed. Pp. 588-591. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 8. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution.

This article from the California volume of the Smithsonian’s Handbook of North American Indians discusses several aspects of Cupeño history and ethnology.  Included are sections on language and territory, culture, and history.

 

Bright, W., and J. Hill

      1967    The Linguistic History of the Cupeño. In Studies in Southwestern Ethnolinguistics. D.H. Hymes, ed. Pp. 351-371. The Hague: Mouton & Co.

“Our procedure, then, is as follows:  By comparison of cognate sets in Cahuilla, Cupeño, and Luiseño, we reconstruct the phonemic system of their ancestor language.  We the consider features that represent innovations from the reconstructed proto-language.  If two of the languages share an innovation not found in the third, we assume that they shared a period of common history after separating from the third language.  Finally, we make a preliminary survey of lexical data to support the findings based on phonology” (Bright and Hill 1967:353).

 

Faye, P. L.

      1928    Christmas Fiestas of the Cupeño. American Anthropologist 30:651-658.

This article is reconstructed from fieldnotes jotted down by the author who was visiting the Cupeño during Christmas 1919.  The fiestas described took place a few days before Christmas and at New Years’.  The author does not give any explanation for the fiestas, which primarily consist of feasting and dancing, but does describe what took place.  This article’s value is in viewing the process of cultural change, of a group experiencing acculturation and assimilation, practicing the “old ways” with new.

 

Hill, J. J.

      1927    History of Warner's Ranch and its Environs. Los Angeles: Privately Printed.

This volume seems to have been a commissioned work, to commemorate the life and works of William G. Henshaw, latest owner of Warner’s Ranch, and the force behind projects such as the building of Lake Henshaw.  Hill was a historian at the Bancroft Library at the University of California, Berkeley, and made use of library materials, as well as local archives.  He presents data on the Cupeño, the original inhabitants of the area, as well as historical material regarding white expansion into the area, including the eviction of the Cupeño to the Pala Reservation.

 

Hill, J. H.

      1970    A Peeking Rule in Cupeño. Linguistic Inquiry 1:534-539.

“Cupeño, a Uto-Aztecan language spoken in Southern California, offers an example of an unusual type of rule which, in order to be properly stated, must apparently have access to its own output; knowledge of the phonological input to the rule is not sufficient to state the correct generalization.  I propose the term ‘peeking’ for this kid of behavior.  The Cupeño example of a peeking rule is formation of the verbal mood Habilitative (HAB)” (Hill 1970:534).

 

      1972    Cupeño Lexicalization and Language History. International Journal of American Linguistics 38:161-72.

“An important question in recent linguistics has been the description of the structure of the lexicon, and its relationship to the logical structures that underlie it.  In this paper I will attempt to use evidence from Cupeño to support the following suggestions:  a) that the relationship of the surface morphological elements of lexical items to the logical elements of underlying structure is extremely complex, perhaps in ways that will demand the revision of the kinds of operations which are now seen to link the two levels; b) that the kinds of changes which take place over time in the relationship between surface morphology and underlying logical structure may follow certain universal tendencies; and c) that languages tend to display enormous redundancy and complexity, in that there will be many possible kinds of surface realizations of identical or closely related underlying elements” (Hill 1972:161).

 

Hill, J. H., and R. Nolasquez

      1973    Mulu'wetam:  The First People:  Cupeño Oral History and Language. Banning: Malki Museum Press.

This volume is a collection of histories and stories collected in the Cupeño language by Hill from 1962-1966, and by Paul-Louis Faye from 1919-1921.  The texts are presented in Cupeño on one page, and in English on the facing page, with as literal a translation to English as possible.  The book contains five sections of text:  histories, accounts of the old religious ceremonies, reminiscences of the Cupeño language experts who worked with the linguists, stories for children, and songs.  Also included are notes to the texts with ethnographic and historical expansions, as well as notes relating to technical linguistics.

 

Hyer, Joel Ross

1999        We Are Not Savages:  Native Americans in Southern California and the Pala Reservation, 1840-1920.  Dissertation.  Department of History.  University of California, Riverside.

 

Lummis, C. F.

1902        The Exiles of Cupa. Out West 16:465-479.

“The time for a historical sketch of the Warner’s Ranch eviction has not yet come, though such a paper may confidently be looked for in these pages in its due season.  But this humble tragedy, of which the bare fact has become generally known, may properly have now some little verbal and pictorial annotation.  It will be seen that these are not scalping savages who are being driven out from their immemorial home, but quiet, gentle, hard-working farmers” (Lummis 1902:465).  Thus Lummis begins this short, but moving, contemporary chronicle of the eviction of the Cupeño, as witnessed by Lummis.